Coughlin Research Group

Publications

Publications from the University of Massachusetts Amherst (2001 to 2024)

* Denotes E. Bryan Coughlin as Senior Author

141. “Amphiphilic–zwitterionic block polymers” Ria Ghosh, Wen-Wei Wong, Tom Reimers, Anne Radzanowski, Juan Correa Ruiz, E Bryan Coughlin Polymer Chemistry 2024   https://doi.org/10.1039/D3PY01179H

140. “Phase Behaviors of Charged Star Block Copolymers at Fluids Interface” Zhan Chen, Alexander E Ribbe, Christian Steinmetz, E Bryan Coughlin, Mingqiu Hu, Xuchen Gan, Thomas P Russell  Angew. Chem.Int. Ed. 2024, e202400127   https://doi.org/10.1002/ange.202400127

139. “ Thiol-ene click chemistry incorporates carboxylic acid-terminated alkane pendants on polycyclooctene to tune properties”  Eli Fastow, Roshni John Chethalen, E. Bryan Coughlin, Karen I. Winey, Giant, 2024, 17, 100231 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giant.2023.100231.

138. “Star Block Copolymers at Homopolymer Interfaces: Conformation and Compatibilization” Zhan Chen, Christian Steinmetz, Mingqiu Hu, E. Bryan Coughlin, Hanyu Wang, William T. Heller, Wim Bras, and Thomas P. Russell Macromolecules 2023, 56, 20, 8308–832 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.macromol.3c01139

137. “ Effects of the Hydrophobic Block Length Ratio of Poly(vinylbenzyl N-methylpiperidinium carbonate)-b-polyethylene-b-poly(vinylbenzyl N-methylpiperidinium carbonate) Block Copolymers for Anion Exchange Membrane Electrolysis”  Ivy Wu, Kevin C. Dunn, Jack W. Creel, Anne N. Radzanowski, Kaylee J. Beiler, Morgan S. Ezell, Andrew M. Johnson, Dominic J. Carmosino, Marco J. Salgado, ChulOong Kim, Mei-Chen Kuo, Nora C. Buggy, Soenke Seifert, E. Bryan Coughlin, and Andrew M. Herring Appl. Polym. Mater. 2023, 5(8) 5834-5845  https://doi.org/10.1021/acsapm.3c00414

136. “Assembly of polyelectrolyte star block copolymers at the oil–water interface” Jan-Michael Y. Carrillo, Zhan Chen, Uvinduni I. Premadasa, Christian Steinmetz, E. Bryan Coughlin, Benjamin Doughty, Thomas P. Russell * and Bobby G. Sumpter Nanoscale, 2023, 15, 1042-1052 https://doi.org/10.1039/D2NR05113C

135. “A lattice model on the entropic origin of repulsive potential between interacting ions” Chinomso Nwosu, E. Bryan Coughlin Materials Today (Communication) 2023, 34, 105380 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtcomm.2023.105380

134. “Thiol–ene Click Chemistry Incorporates Hydroxyl Functionality on Polycyclooctene to Tune Properties” Roshni John Chethalen, Eli J Fastow, E Bryan Coughlin, Karen I Winey ACS Macro Letters 2023, 12, 107-112 https://doi.org/10.1021/acsmacrolett.2c00670

133. “Assembly of polyelectrolyte star block copolymers at the oil–water interface” Jan-Michael Y Carrillo, Zhan Chen, Uvinduni I Premadasa, Christian Steinmetz, E Bryan Coughlin, Benjamin Doughty, Thomas P Russell, Bobby G Sumpter Nanoscale 2022 https://doi.org/10.1039/D2NR05113C

132. “Mechanistic investigation of cyclic ketene acetal radical ring-opening homo-and co-polymerization and preparation of PEO graft copolymers with tunable composition” Yifeng Du, Yuhui Du, Stefano Lazzari, Tom Reimers, Rupert Konradi, Thomas W Holcombe, E Bryan Coughlin Polymer Chemistry 2022, 13, 5829-5840.

131. “Evaluating the effect of ionomer chemical composition in silver-ionomer catalyst inks toward the oxygen evolution reaction by half-cell measurements and water electrolysis” Nora  C. Buggy, Ivy Wu, Yifeng Du, RiaGhosh, Mei-Chen Kuo, Morgan S. Ezell, James M. Crawford, Soenke Seifert, Moises A. Carreon, E. Bryan Coughlin, Andrew M.Herring Electrochimica Acta 2022, Volume 412, 140124 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2022.140124

130. “Visualization of Polymer Dynamics in Cellulose Nanocrystal Matrices Using Fluorescence Lifetime Measurements” Huyen Vu, Jeremiah W. Woodcock, Ajay Krishnamurthy, Jan Obrzut, Jeffrey W. Gilman, and E. Bryan Coughlin ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2022, 14, 8, 10793–10804 https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.1c21906

129. “Enhancing desalination performance by manipulating block ratios in a polyethylene-based triblock copolymer anion exchange membrane for electrodialysis” Ivy Wu, Ryan J. Park, Ria Ghosh, Mei-Chen Kuo, Soenke Seifert, E. Bryan Coughlin, Andrew M.Herring Journal of Membrane Science 2022, Volume 647 120295 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2022.120295 

128. “Alkaline Stability Evaluation of Polymerizable Hexyl‐tethered Ammonium Cations” SP Ertem, EB Coughlin - Macromolecular Rapid Communications, 2021 https://doi.org/10.1002/marc.202100610

127. “Designing Anion-Exchange Ionomers with Oriented Nanoscale Phase Separation at a Silver Interface” Nora C Buggy, Yifeng Du, Mei-Chen Kuo, Soenke Seifert, Ryan J Gasvoda, Sumit Agarwal, E Bryan Coughlin, Andrew M Herring The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.1c06036

126. “Topological Frustration as a New Parameter to Tune Morphology Revealed through Exploring the Continuum between ABC 3-Arm Star and Linear Triblock Polymers”  Rohit Gupta, Mayank Misra, Wenxu Zhang, Ankita Mukhtyar, Samuel P Gido, Alexander Ribbe, Fernando A Escobedo, E Bryan Coughlin Macromolecules 2021, 54, 4401-4411  https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.macromol.1c00277

125. “Optimization of anionic conductivity through the coexistence of ionomer cluster and backbone-backbone morphologies in anion exchange membranes” Nwosu, Chinomso, Pandey, Tara P., Herring, Andrew M., Seifert, Soenke), Coughlin, E. Bryan JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2020, 58 (24) Pages: 3446-3455 DOI: 10.1002/pol.20200629

124. “Investigating Silver Nanoparticle Interactions with Quaternary Ammonium Functionalized Triblock Copolymers and Their Effect on Midblock Crystallinity” Buggy, Nora C., Du, Yifeng, Kuo, Mei-Chen, Gasvoda, Ryan J.,  Seifert, Soenke, Agarwal, Sumit, Coughlin, E. Bryan,  Herring, Andrew M.) ACS APPLIED POLYMER MATERIALS 2020, 2 (11) Pages: 4914-4923 DOI: 10.1021/acsapm.0c00819

123. Assembly of Disordered Cocontinuous Morphologies by Multiblock Copolymers with Random Block Sequence and Length Dispersity” Zeng, Di, Gupta, Rohit, Coughlin, E. Bryan,Hayward, Ryan C.ACS APPLIED POLYMER MATERIALS, 2020 2, 3282-3290  DOI: 10.1021/acsapm.0c00428

122. “Ring-opening metathesis polymerization of cobaltocenium derivative to prepare anion exchange membrane with high ionic conductivity” Yuan, Haomiao, Liu, Ye, Tsai, Tsung-Han, Liu, XiaohuiKim, Sang Bum. Gupta, Rohit, Zhang, Wenxu, Ertem, S. Piril, Seifert, Soenke,  Herring, Andrew M., Coughlin, E. B  POLYHEDRON, 2020, 181  DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2020.114462

121. “A Polyethylene-Based Triblock Copolymer Anion Exchange Membrane with High Conductivity and Practical Mechanical Properties” Buggy, Nora C; Du, Yifeng; Kuo, Mei-Chen; Ahrens, Kayla A; Wilkinson, Jacob S; Seifert, Soenke; Coughlin, E Bryan; Herring, Andrew M ACS Applied Polymer Materials 2020, 2, 1294-1303

120. “Melt Mastication of Isotactic Polyproyplene for Improved Thermal and Physical Properties” Cromer, Brian M; Coughlin, Edward Bryan; Lesser, Alan J Polymer Engineering & Science 2020, 60 380-386

119. “Insights into the Water Transport Mechanism in Polymeric Membranes from Neutron Scattering” Edwin P; Frieberg, Bradley R; Ito, Kanae; Tarver, Jacob; Tyagi, Madhusudan; Zhang, Wenxu; Coughlin, E Bryan; Stafford, Christopher M; Roy, Abhishek; Rosenberg, Steve Macromolecules 2020, 53, 1443-1450

118. “Modifying the Structure and Dynamics of Ionomers through Counterion Sterics” Enokida, Joshua S; Hu, Weiguo; Fang, Huagao; Morgan, Brian F; Beyer, Frederick L; Winter, H Henning; Coughlin, E Bryan Macromolecules 2020, 53, 1767-1776

117. “Ring-opening metathesis polymerization of cobaltocenium derivative to prepare anion exchange membrane with high ionic conductivity” Yuan, Haomiao; Liu, Ye; Tsai, Tsung-Han; Liu, Xiaohui; Kim, Sang Bum; Gupta, Rohit; Zhang, Wenxu; Ertem, S Piril; Seifert, Soenke; Herring, Andrew M; Coughlin, E Bryan Polyhedron 2020, 114462

116. “Functionalized Polybutadiene for Clay–Polymer Nanocomposite Fabrication” Tanna, Vijesh A; Enokida, Joshua S; Coughlin, E Bryan; Winter, H Henning Macromolecules 2019, 52, 6135-6141

115. “Pendant Side‐chain Sterics Against Electrostatic Forces: Influencing Short‐range Ordering in Random Polyelectrolytes” Nwosu, Chinomso; Coughlin, E Bryan Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 2019, 57, 1325-1336

114. Effect of Surface Alignment on Connectivity in Phosphonium-Containing Diblock Copolymer Anion-Exchange Membranes, Austin M. Barnes, Yifeng Du, Brendan Liu, Wenxu Zhang, Soenke Seifert, E. Bryan Coughlin, Steven K. Buratto  J. Phys. Chem. C 2019, 123, 51, 30819-30826 doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.9b08626

113. “Phosphonium-Containing Block Copolymer Anion Exchange Membranes: Effect of Quaternization Level on Bulk and Surface Morphologies at Hydrated and Dehydrated States” Austin M. Barnes, Yifeng Du, Wenxu Zhang, Soenke Seifert, Steven K. Buratto, E. Bryan Coughlin Macromolecules 2019, 52, 16, 6097-6106 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.macromol.9b00665

112. “Progression of the Morphology in Random Ionomers Containing Bulky Ammonium Counterions” Enokida, Joshua S.; Tanna, Vijesh A.; Winter, H. Henning; Coughlin, E. Bryan MACROMOLECUES 2019, 51 (18) 7377-7385 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b00787

111. “Structural analysis of imino- and amino-pyridine ligands for Ni(II):Precatalysts for the polymerization of ethylene” Lovett, Danielle M.; Thierer, Laura M.; Santos, Earl E. P.; Hardie, Rachel L.; Dougherty, William G.; Piro, Nicholas A.; Kassel, W. Scott; Cromer, Brian M.; Coughlin, E. Bryan; Zubris, Deanna L. JOURNAL OF ORGANOMETALLIC CHEMISTRY 2018, 863, 44-53  DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2018.03.012

110. “Thin, robust, and chemically stable photo-cross-linked anion exchange membranes based on a polychlorostyrene-b-polycyclooctene-b-polychlorostyrene ABA triblock polymer” Liu, Ye; Pandey, Tara P.; Sarode, Himanshu N.; Kuo, Mei-Chen; Zhang, Wenxu; Gupta, Rohit; Galioto, Samuel; Ozioko, Amobi G.; Seifert, Soenke; Liberatore, Matthew W.; Coughlin, E. Bryan; Herring, Andrew M. SOLID STATE IONICS 2018, 316, 135-142  DOI: 10.1016/j.ssi.2017.12.031

109. “Tuning Microdomain Spacing with Light Using Ortho-nitrobenzyl-linked Triblock Copolymers Wenxu Zhang, Zhiwei Sun, Yishu Jiang, Xiaohui Liu, Rohit Gupta, Thomas P. Russell, E. Bryan Coughlin,  J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys.​, 2018, 56(5), 355-361 DOI: 10.1002/polb.24565

108. “Using Block Copolymer Architecture to Achieve Sub-10 nm Periods” Zhiwei Sun, Wenxu Zhang, Song Hong, Zhenbin Chen, Xiaohui Liu, Shuaigang​ Xiao, E. Bryan Coughlin, Thomas P. Russell, Polymer, 2017,​ 121, 297-303 DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2017

107. “Ion Transport Properties of Mechanically Stable Symmetric ABCBA Pentablock Copolymers with Quaternary Ammonium Functionalized Midblock”  S. Piril Ertem, Benjamin R.​ Caire, Tsung-Han Tsai, Di​ Zeng, Melissa A.​ Vandiver, Ahmet Kusoglu, Soenke Seifert, Ryan C. Hayward, Adam Z. Weber, Andrew M. Herring, E. Bryan Coughlin, Matthew W.​ Liberatore,  J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys.​​, 2017, 55 (7), 612-622    DOI: 10.1002/polb.24310 

106. “Multi-Component Fe-Ni Hydroxide Nanocatalyst for Oxygen Evolution and Methanol Oxidation Reactions under Alkaline Conditions”  Stephanie L.​ Candelaria, Nicholas M. Bedford, Taylor J.​ Woehl, Nikki S.​Rentz, Allison R.​ Showalter, Svitlana​ Pylypenko, Bruce A. Bunker, Sungsik Lee, Benjamin​ Reinhart, Yang​ Ren, S. Piril​ Ertem, E. Bryan Coughlin, Nicholas A.​ Sather, James L.​ Horan, Andrew M. Herring, Lauren F. Greenlee,  ACS Catalysis, 2017, 7(1), 365-379 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.6b02552 

105. “Peptide-Directed PdAu Nanoscale Surface Segregation: Toward Controlled Bimetallic Architecture for Catalytic Materials” Nicholas M. Bedford, Allison R.​ Showalter, Taylor J.​ Woehl, Zak E. Hughes, Sungsik Lee, Benjamin​ Reinhart, S. Piril​ Ertem, E. Bryan Coughlin, Yang​ Ren, Tiffany R. Walsh, Bruce A. Bunker,  ACS Nano, 2016, 10(9), 8645-8659  DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.6b03963 

104. "Achieving Continuous Anion Transport Domains Using Block Copolymers Containing Phosphonium Cations"  Wenxu Zhang, Ye Liu, Aaron C. Jackson, Alice M. Savage, S. Piril Ertem, Tsung-Han Tsai, Soenke Seifert, Frederick L. Beyer, Matthew W. Liberatore, Andrew M. Herring, E. Bryan Coughlin​ Macromolecules2016, 49(13), 4714-4722 pdf

103. "Systematic Fluorination of P3HT: Synthesis of P(3HT-co-3H4FT)s by Direct Arylation Polymerization, Characterization, and Device Performance in OPVs"​ Patrick D. Homyak, Yao Liu, Jared D. Harris, Feng Liu, Kenneth R. Carter, Thomas P. Russell, E. Bryan Coughlin​ Macromolecules, 2016, 49 (8), 3028–3037 pdf

102. "High Temperature Thermoplastic Elastomers Synthesized by Living Anionic Polymerization in Hydrocarbon Solvent at Room Temperature" Weiyu Wang, Ralf Schlegel, Benjamin T. White, Katherine Williams, Dimitry Voyloy†, Carlos A. Steren, Andrew Goodwin, E. Bryan Coughlin, Samuel Gido, Mario Beiner, Kunlun Hong, Nam-Goo Kang, Jimmy Mays  Macromolecules2016, 49(7), 2646–2655 pdf

101. "Photo-Cross-Linked Anion Exchange Membranes with Improved Water Management and Conductivity" S. Piril Ertem, Tsung-Han Tsai, Melissa M. Donahue, Wenxu Zhang, Himanshu Sarode, Ye Liu, Soenke Seifert, Andrew M. Herring, E. Bryan Coughlin​ Macromolecules, 2016, 49 (1), 153–161 pdf

100. "In-situ polymerization of isotactic polypropylene-nanographite nanocomposites"  Brian M. Cromer, Saskia Scheel, Gerrit A. Luinstra, E. Bryan Coughlin, Alan J. Lesser​ Polymer 2015, 80 275-281 pdf

99. "Systematic Variation of Fluorinated Diketopyrrolopyrrole Low Bandgap Conjugated Polymers: Synthesis by Direct Arylation Polymerization and Characterization and Performance in Organic Photovoltaics and Organic Field-Effect Transistors" Patrick D. Homyak, Yao Liu, Feng Liu, Thomas P. Russell, E. Bryan Coughlin​ Macromolecules2015, 48 (19), 6978-6986​ pdf

98. "Directed Self-Assembly of Poly(2-vinylpyridine)-b-polystyrene-b-poly(2-vinylpyridine) Triblock Copolymer with Sub-15 nm Spacing Line Patterns Using a Nanoimprinted Photoresist Template"​ Zhiwei Sun, Zhenbin Chen, Wenxu Zhang, Jaewon Choi, Caili Huang, Gajin Jeong, E. Bryan Coughlin, Yautzong Hsu, XiaoMin Yang, Kim Y. Lee, David S. Kuo, Shuaigang Xiao, Thomas P. Russell Advanced Materials 2015, 27 (29) 4364–4370 pdf

97. "Permethyl Cobaltocenium (Cp-2*Co+) as an Ultra-Stable Cation for Polymer Hydroxide-Exchange Membranes" Shuang Gu, Junhua Wang, Robert B. Kaspar, Qianrong Fang, Bingzi Zhang, E. Bryan Coughlin, Yushan Yan Science Report 2015, 5 11668​ pdf

96. "Dinonylphenyl end-capped poly(ethylene glycol)-b-polystyrene: synthesis and its unusual crystalline and self-assembly behaviors" Hong Li, Yijian Wu, Yong Hu, E. Bryan Coughlin, Yongming Zhang Journal of Materials Science 2015, 50 (12) 4280 -4287 pdf

95. "Water uptake profile in a model ion-exchange membrane: Conditions for water-rich channels" Daniel C. Herbst, Thomas A. Witten, Tsung-Han Tsai, E. Bryan Coughlin, Ashley M. Maes, and Andrew M. Herring The Journal of chemical physics ​2015, 142 (11), 114906 -114906 pdf

94. "Thermally Cross-Linked Anion Exchange Membranes from Solvent Processable Isoprene Containing Ionomers" Tsung-Han Tsai, S. Piril Ertem, Ashley M. Maes, Soenke Seifert, Andrew M. Herring, E. Bryan Coughlin Macromolecules, 2015, 48 (3), 655–662​ pdf

93. "Effect of Pendant Functionality in Thieno[3,4-b]thiophene-alt-benzodithiophene Polymers for OPVs​" Patrick Homyak, Yao Liu, Sunzida Ferdous, Feng Liu, Thomas P. Russell, E. Bryan Coughlin​ Chem. Mater., 2015, 27 (2), 443–449​ pdf

92. "Interplay between solid state transitions, conductivity mechanisms, and electrical relaxations in a [PVBTMA] [Br]-b-PMB diblock copolymer membrane for electrochemical applications​" Vito Di Noto, Guinevere A. Giffin, Keti Vezzu, Graeme Nawn, Federico Bertasi, Tsung-han Tsai, Ashley M. Maes, Soenke Seifert, E. Bryan Coughlin, Andrew M. Herring Physical chemistry chemical physics​ 2015, 17 (46) 31125 -31139​ pdf

91. "Mechanical Performance of Polyiosoprene Copolymer Anion Exchange Membranes by Varying Crosslinking Methods​" Melissa A. Vandiver, Benjamin R. Caire, S. Piril Ertem, Tsung-Han Tsai, E. Bryan Coughlin, Andrew M. Herring, Matthew W. Liberatorea Tsai, Ashley M. Maes, Soenke Seifert, E. Bryan Coughlin, Andrew M. Herring​  Journal of the Electrochemical Society​ 2015, 162 (4) H206 -H212​ pdf

90. "Maintaining Structural Stability of Poly(lactic acid): Effects of Multifunctional Epoxy based Reactive Oligomers" Sahas R. Rathi, Edward Bryan Coughlin, Shaw Ling Hsu, Charles S. Golub, Gerald H. Ling, Michael J. Tzivanis Polymer 2014, 6 (4)​ 1232 -1250​ pdf

89. "Effects of Molecular Architecture on the Stereocomplex Crystallization in Poly(lactic acid) Blends" Sahas R. Rathi, David Ng, E. Bryan Coughlin, Shaw Ling Hsu, Charles S. Golub, Gerald H. Ling, Michael J. Tzivanis Macromolecular chemistry and physics​ 2014, 4 320 -326​ pdf

88. "Photocleavable Triblock Copolymers Featuring an Activated Ester Middle Block: "One-Step" Synthesis and Application as Locally Reactive Nanoporous Thin Films" Hui Zhao, Weiyin Gu, Ryohei Kakuchi, Zhiwei Sun, Elizabeth Sterner, Thomas P. Russell, E. Bryan Coughlin, Patrick Theato​ ACS Macro Letter2014, 3 (2) 204-204 pdf

87."Preparation and characterization of Pt/Pt:CeO2-ˆ’x nanorod catalysts for short chain alcohol electrooxidation in alkaline media​" Christian L. Menendez, Yunyun Zhou, Chris M. Marin, Neil J. Lawrence, E. Bryan Coughlin, Chin Li Cheung and Carlos R. Cabrera ​RSC Advance, 2014, 4, 33489-33496​ pdf

86. "Anion exchange membranes: Current status and moving forward​" Michael A. Hickner,​ Andrew M. Herring,​ E. Bryan Coughlin​ Journal of polymer science, Part B:, Polymer physics​ 2013, 51 (24) 1727 -1735​ pdf

85. "Synthesis and Structure-Conductivity Relationship of Polystyrene-block-Poly(vinyl benzyl trimethylammonium) for Alkaline Anion Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells​" Tsung-Han Tsai, Ashley M. Maes, Melissa A. Vandiver, Craig Versek, Sönke Seifert, Mark Tuominen, Matthew W. Liberatore, Andrew M. Herring E. Bryan Coughlin​ Journal of polymer science, Part B:, Polymer physics​ 2013, 51 (24) 1751 -1760 pdf

84. "Thieno[3,4-b]thiophene Acceptors with Alkyl, Aryl, Perfluoroalkyl, and Perfluorophenyl Pendants for Donor Acceptor Low Bandgap Polymers​" Patrick D. Homyak, Jonathan Tinkham, Paul M. Lahti, E. Bryan Coughlin​, Macromolecules 2013, 46 (22), 8873 -8881 pdf

83. "Photocleavable Triblock Copolymers Featuring an Activated Ester Middle Block: "One-Step" Synthesis and Application as Locally Reactive Nanoporous Thin Films" Hui Zhao, Weiyin Gu, Ryohei Kakuchi, Zhiwei Sun, Elizabeth Sterner, Thomas P. Russell, E. Bryan Coughlin, Patrick Theato ACS Macro Letter2013, 2 (11), 966–969 pdf

82. "Synthesis of Photocleavable Poly(methyl methacrylate-block-D-lactide) via Atom-Transfer Radical Polymerization and Ring-Opening Polymerization​" Hong Li, Sahas Rathi, Elizabeth S. Sterner, Hui Zhao, Shaw Ling Hsu, Patrick Theato, Yongming Zhang, E. Bryan Coughlin Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry​ 2013, 51 (20), 4309–4316​ pdf

81. "Line Patterns from Cylinder-Forming Photocleavable Block Copolymers​" Weiyin Gu,​ Hui Zhao, Qingshuo Wei, E. Bryan Coughlin, Patrick Theato, Thomas P. Russell, Advanced Materials 2013, 25 (34), 4690-4695 pdf

80. "Stereocomplex Formation in Polylactide Multiarm Stars and Comb Copolymers with Linear and Hyperbranched Multifunctional PEG​" Jeannette Geschwind,​ Sahas Rathi,​ Christine Tonhauser,​ Martina Schömer,​ Shaw Ling Hsu,​ E. Bryan Coughlin,​ Holger Frey, Macromolecular chemistry and physics 2013, 214 (13), 1434 pdf

79. "Functionalized Nanoporous Thin Films and Fibers from Photocleavable Block Copolymers Featuring Activated Esters" Hui Zhao, Weiyin Gu, Michael W. Thielke, Elizabeth Sterner, Tsunghan Tsai, Thomas P. Russell, E. Bryan Coughlin, and Patrick Theato, Macromolecules 2013, 46 (13), 5195–5201 pdf

78."Synthesis of Semicrystalline/Fluorinated Side-Chain Crystalline Block Copolymers and Their Bulk and Thin Film NanoorderingHong Li, Weiyin Gu, Le Li, Yongming Zhang, Thomas P. Russell, and E. Bryan Coughlin, Macromolecules 2013, 46 (10), 3737–3745 pdf

77. "Effect of midblock on the morphology and properties of blends of ABA triblock copolymers of PDLA-mid-block-PDLA with PLLA" ​Sahas R. Rathi, E. Bryan Coughlin, Shaw Ling Hsu, Charles S. Golub, Gerald H. Ling, Michael J. Tzivanis​,  Polymer 2012, 53 (14), 3008–3016 pdf

76. “o-Nitrobenzyl Alcohol Derivatives: Opportunities in Polymer and Materials Science” AuHui Zhao, Elizabeth Sterner, E. Bryan Coughlin, Patrick Theato, Macromolecules 2012, 45 (4) 1723-1736 pdf

75. “Physicochemical properties of 1,2,3-triazolium ionic liquids” Shilpi Sanghi, Erik Willett, Craig Versek, Mark Tuominen, E. Bryan Coughlin RSV Advances 2012, 2 (3), 848-853. pdf

74. “Influence of Chain Stiffness on Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Polymer Thin Films” Jessica M. Torres, Chengqing Wang, E. Bryan Coughlin, John P. Bishop, Richard A. Register, Robert A. Riggleman, Christopher M. Stafford, Bryan D. Vogt Macromolecules 2011, 44 (22) 9040-9045 pdf

73. “Toughening semicrystalline poly(lactic acid) by morphology alteration” Sahas Rathi, Xiaolang Chen, E. Bryan Coughlin, Shaw Ling Hsu, Charles S. Golub, Michael J. Tzivanis Polymer 2011, 52 (19) pdf

72. “Highly Ordered Nanoporous Thin Films from Photocleavable Block Copolymers” Hui Zhao, Weiyin Gu, Elizabeth Sterner, Thomas P. Russell, E. Bryan Coughlin, Patrick Theato Macromolecules 2011, 44 (16) 6433-6440 pdf

71. `“Synthesis and Photophysical Properties of Soluble Low-Bandgap Thienothiophene Polymers with Various Alkyl Side-Chain Lengths” Woo Jin Bae, Christopher Scilla, Volodimyr V. Duzhko, Won Ho Jo, E. Bryan Coughlin, Journal of Polymer Science Part A- Polymer Chemistry 2011, 49 (15) 3260-3271 pdf

70. “Carborane-Containing Poly(fluorene): Response to Solvent Vapors and Amines” Joseph J. Peterson, Andrew R. Davis, Mathias Were, E. Bryan Coughlin, Kenneth R. Carter ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 2011, 3 (6) 1796-1799 pdf

69. “Utilization of Oligo(lactic add) for Studies of Chain Conformation and Chain Packing in Poly(lactic acid)” Sahas Rathi, Jeffrey P. Kalish, E. Bryan Coughlin, Shaw Ling Hsu Macromolecules 2011, 44 (9) 3410-3415 pdf

68. “Particle Capture via Discrete Binding Elements: Systematic Variations in Binding Energy for Randomly Distributed Elements” Surachate Kalasin, Suranakhana Martwiset, E. Bryan Coughlin, Maria M. Santore Langmuir 2010, 26, 16865-16870 pdf

67.  “Hybrid Inorganic-Organic Proton Exchange Membranes containing  1H-1,2,3-triazole Moieties” Shilpi Sanghi, Mark Touminen, E. Bryan Coughlin Solid State Ionics 2010, 181, 1183-1188 pdf

66.  “Ring-Opening Metathesis Copolymerization of Cyclooctene and a Carborane-Containing Oxanorbornene” Yoan C. Simon, E. Bryan Coughlin Journal of Polymer Science; Part A, Polymer Chemistry 2010, 48, 2557-2563. pdf

65.  “ESI and MALDI mass spectrometry of large POSS Oligomers” Stanley E. Anderson, Arpad Somogyi, Timothy S. Haddad, E. Bryan Coughlin, Gunjan Gadodia, David F. Marten, Julie Ray, Michael T. Bowers International Journal of Mass Spectrometry 2010, 292, 38-47. pdf

64.  “Carborane Containing Polyfluoren: o-Carborane in the Main Chain” Joseph J. Peterson, Mathias Werre, Yoan C. Simon, E. Bryan Coughlin, Kenneth R. Carter Macromolecules, 2009, 42 (22), pp 8594–8598 pdf

63.  “SilylCarborane Acrylate Nanoimprint Lithography Resists” Yoan C. Simon, Isaac W. Moran, Kenneth R. Carter, E. Bryan Coughlin ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 2009, 1, 1887-1892. pdf

62.  “Polyfluorene with p-carborane in the backbone” Joseph J. Peterson, Yoan C. Simon, E. Bryan Coughlin, Kenneth R. Carter, Chem.. Commun. 2009, 4950-4952. pdf

61.  “H-1 Solid-State NMR Investigation of Structure and Dynamics of Anhydrous Proton Conducting Triazole-Functionalized Siloxane Polymers” Uemit Akbey, Sergio Granados-Focil, Sergio, E. Bryan Coughlin, Robert Graf, Hans Wolfgang Spiess, J. Phys. Chem. B. 2009, 113, 9151-9160 pdf

60.    “Synthesis of Polyfluorenes with Pendant Silylcarboranes” Simon, Yoan C., Peterson, Joseph J., Mangold, Christine, Carter, Kenneth R., Coughlin, E. Bryan Macromolecules, 2009, 42, 512-516. pdf

59.  “Proton Conducting Polymers Containing 1H-1,2,3-Triazole Moieties” Martwiset, Surangkhana, Yavuzcetin, Ozgur, Thorn, Michael, Versek, Craig, Tuominen, Mark, Coughlin, E. Bryan, J. Polym. Sci: Part A: Polym. Chem. 2009, 47, 188-196. pdf

58.  “Flame Resistant Electrospun Polymer Nanofibers from Deoxybenzoin-based Polymers” Moon, S.; Ku, B.C.; Emrick, T.; Coughlin E.B.; Farris, R.J. Journal of Applied Polymer Science 2009, 111, 301-307.

57.  “Fluoroelastomer Copolymers Incorporating Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxane” Bradley Seurer, E. Bryan Coughlin Macromol. Chem. Phys. 2008, 209, 2040-2048 pdf

56.  "Interactions between Antimicrobial Polynorbornenes and Phospholipid Vesicles Monitored by Light Scattering and Microcalorimetry”  Gregory J. Gabriel, Joanna G. Pool, Abhigyan Som, Jeffrey M. Dabkowski, E. Bryan Coughlin, M. Muthukurnar, Gregory N. Tew Langmuir 2008, 24, 12489-12495. pdf

55. “Thermal degradation of deoxybenzoin polymers studied by pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry”  T. Ranganathan, Michael Beaulieu, Joseph Zilberman, Kenneth D. Smith, Phillip Westmoreland, Richard J. Farris, E. Bryan Coughlin, Todd Emrick, Polymer Degradation and Stability 2008, 93, 1059-1066. pdf

54.* “Ethylene-Propylene-Silsesquioxane Thermoplastic Elastomers” Bradley Seurer, E. Bryan Coughlin Macromol. Chem. Phys. 2008, 209, 1198-1209. pdf

53. “Antibacterial and Hemolytic Activities of Quaternary Pyridinium Functionalized Polynorbornenes” Tarik Eren, Abhigyan Som, Jason R. Rennie, Christopher F. Nelson, Yelena Urgina, Klaus Nüsslein, E. Bryan Coughlin and Gregory N. Tew*  Macromol. Chem. Phys. 2008, 209, 516-524. pdf

52.   "Amphiphilic Polymers with Potent Antibacterial Activity” M.Firat Ilker, Gregory N. Tew and E. Bryan Coughlin Antiterrorism and Homeland Defense: Polymers and Materials 2007, 980, 175-197. pdf

51.  "Water-Free Proton-Conducting Polysiloxanes: A Study on the Effect of Heterocycle Structure" Sergio Granados-Focil, Richard C. Woudenberg, Ozgur Yavucetin, Mark T. Tuominen, E. Bryan Coughlin Macromolecules 2007, 40, 8708-8713. pdf

50. "Intrinsically Conducting Polymers and Copolymers Containing Triazole Moieties" Surangkhana Martwiset, Richard C. Woudenberg, Sergio Granados-Focil, Ozgur Yavucetin, Mark T. Tuominen, E. Bryan Coughlin Solid State Ionics 2007, 178, 1398- 1403. pdf

49. "Poly(arylate-phosphonate) Copolymers with Deoxybenzoin in the Backbone: Synthesis, Characterization, and Thermal Properties" Thangamani Ranganathan, Bon-Cheol Ku, Joseph Zilberman, Michael Beaulieu, Richard J. Farris, E. Bryan Coughlin, Todd Emrick J. Polym. Sci: Part A: Polym. Chem. 2007, 45, 4573-4580. pdf

48. "Amphiphilic Carborane-Containing Diblock Copolymers" Yoan C. Simon, Christian Ohm, Melanie J. Zimny and E. Bryan Coughlin Macromolecules 2007, 40, 5628-5630. pdf

47.  "Highly Ordered Nanoporous Thin Films from Cleavable-Polystyrene-b-poly(ethylene oxide)”

Mingfu Zhang, Ling Yang, Serkan Yurt, Matthew J. Misner, Jiun-Tai Chen, E. Bryan Coughlin, Dhandapani Venkataraman and Thomas P. Russell Adv. Mater. 2007, 19, 1571-1576. pdf

46. "Intrinsically Proton Conducting Polymers and Copolymers Containing Benzimidazole Moieties: Glass Transistion Effects" Richard C. Woudenberg, Ozgur Yavuzcetin, Mark T. Tuominen, E. Bryan Coughlin Solid State Ionics 2007, 178, 1135-1141. pdf

45. "Glycolipid Polymer Synthesized from Natural Lactonic Sophorolipids by Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization" Wei Gao, Rena Hagver, Vishal Shah, Wenchun Xie, Richard A. Gross, M. Firat Ilker, Chrissy Bell, Kelly A. Burke, E. Bryan Coughlin Macromolecules 2007, 40, 145-147. pdf

44. "Online Monitoring of Kinetics and Mechanisms of Cyclic Olefin Metathesis" Alina M. Alb, Pascal Enohnyaket, Jeanette F. Craymer, Tarik Eren, E. Bryan Coughlin, Wayne F. Reed Macromolecules 2006, 40(3), 444-451. pdf

43.* "Manifold Assembly for the Convenient Polymerization of Ethylene Oxide and Butadiene" Gregoire Cardoen, Kurt Brietenkamp, Todd S. Emrick, E. Bryan Coughlin Macromolecules 2006, 39, 7170-7173. pdf

42. "Synthesis and Characterization of Halogen-free Anti-flammable Polyphosphonates Containing 4,4'-Bishydroxydeoxybenzoin" T. Ranganathan, J. Zilberman, R. J. Farris, E. B. Coughlin, T. Emrick Macromolecules 2006, 39, 5974-5975. pdf

41. "Deoxybenzoin-Based Polyarylates as Halogen-Free Fire-Resistant Polymers" K. A. Ellzey, T. Ranganathan, J. Zilberman, E. B. Coughlin, R. J. Farris, T. Emrick Macromolecules 2006, 39, 3553-3558, ASAP Article. pdf

40.* "Kinetic Modeling of the Effect of MAO/Zr Ratio and Chain Transfer to Aluminum in Zirconocene Catalyzed Propylene Polymerization" B. Quevedo-Sanchez, J. F. Nimmons, E. B. Coughlin, M. A. Henson Macromolecules 2006, 13, 4306-4316. pdf

39.* "Kinetic Modeling of Slurry Propylene Polymerization using rac-Et(Ind)2ZrC12/MAO" Ramon A. Gonzalez-Ruiz, Bernabe Quevedo-Sanchez, Robert L. Laurence, E. Bryan Coughlin, Michael A. Henson AIChE Journal 2006, 52, 1824-1835. pdf

38.   "Scission of Diblock Copolymers into Their Constituent Blocks" S. Yurt, U. K. Anyanwu, J. R. Scheintaub, E. B. Coughlin, D. Venkataraman Macromolecules 2006, 39, 1670-1672. pdf

37.* "Origin of the Formation of the 4-Butenyl End-Group in Zirconocene-Catalyzed Propylene Polymerization" B. Quevedo-Sanchez, M. A. Henson, and E. Bryan Coughlin Journal of Polymer Science: Part A: Polymer Chemistry 2006, 44, 3724-3728. pdf

36.* "Copolymerizations of Ethylene and a-Olefins with Supported Piano-Stool Catalysts" Jeanette F. Craymer, Rajeswari M. Kasi, E. Bryan Coughlin, Polyhedron, 2005, 24, 1347-1355. pdf

35.* "Selective Nitrogen Protection of Hydroxyalkylbenzimidazoles using 2,2,2- Trichloroethylchloroformate" Richard C. Woudenberg, E. Bryan Coughlin, Tetrahedron Letters, 2005, 46, 6311-6313. pdf

34.  "Duplex Strand Formation using Alternating Copolymers" Hiroshi Nakade, M. Firat Ilker, Brian J. Jordan, Oktay Uzun, Nicholas L. LaPointe, E. Bryan Coughlin and Vincent M. Rotello, Chem. Commun., 2005, 3271-3273. pdf

33.* "Tethered Constrained-Geometry Catalysts in Mesoporous Silica: Probing the Influence of the Second Sphereon Polymer Properties" S. L. Burkett, S. Soukasene, K. L. Milton, R. Welch, A. J. Little, R. M. Kasi and E. Bryan Coughlin, Chem. Mater., 2005, 17(10), 2716-2723. pdf

32.* "Polymer Nanocomposites through Controlled Self-Assembly of Cubic Silsesquioxane Scaffolds" L. Zheng, S. Hong, G. Cardoen, E. Burgaz, S. P. Gido and E. Bryan Coughlin, Macromolecules, 2004, 37, 8606-8611. pdf

31. "Isotactic Polypropylene Crystallization: Role of Small Fractions of High or Low Molecular Weight" A. Elmoumni, R. Gonzlaez-Ruiz, E. Bryan Coughlin and H. H. Winter, Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics, 2005, 206, 125-134. pdf

30.* "Tuning the Hemolytic Antibacterial Activities of Amphiphilic Polynorbornene Derivatives" M.F. Ilker, K. Nusslein, G. N. Tew and E. Bryan Coughlin, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2004, 126(48), 15870-15875. pdf

29. "Synthesis and Characterization of Unsaturated Thermotropic Polyesters Prepared via Acyclic Diene Metathesis Polymerization" H. Qin, B. J. Chakulski, I. Rousseau, J. Chen, X. Xie, P. Mather, G. S. Constable and E. Bryan Coughlin, Macromolecules 2004, 37, 5239-5249. pdf

28.* "Hemi-Telechelic Polystyrene-POSS Copolymers as Model Systems for the Study of Well-Defined Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Materials" G. Cardoen and E. Bryan Coughlin, Macromolecules 2004, 37, 5123-5126. pdf

27.* "Morphological and Mechanical Evaluation of Hybrid Organic-Inorganic Thermoset Copolymers of Dicyclopentadiene and Mono- or Tris(norbornenyl)-substituted Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxanes" G. S. Constable, A. J. Lesser and E. Bryan Coughlin, Macromolecules 2004, 37 1276-1282. pdf

26.* "Modular Norbornene Derivatives for the Preparation of Well-defined Amphiphilic Polymers: Study of the Lipid Membrane Disruption Activities" M. F. Ilker, H. Schule and E. Bryan Coughlin, Macromolecules 2004, 37, 694-700. pdf

25.* "Synthesis and Characterization of the Polyhydroxyamide/Polymethoxyamide Family of Polymers" E. S. Yoo, A. J. Gavrin, R. J. Farris, E. B. Coughlin, High Performance Polymers 2003, 15, 519-535. pdf

24.* "Crystal Structure of Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsequioxane (POSS) Nano-materials: A Study by X-ray Diffraction and Electron Microscopy" A. J. Waddon and E. Bryan Coughlin, Chem. Mater. 2003, 15, 4555-4561. pdf

23. "Ultrasonic Spectroscopic Evaluation of the Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization of Dicyclopentadiene" Gregory S. Constable, Alan J. Lesser and E. Bryan Coughlin, J. Polym. Sci. Part B: Polym. Phys. 2003, 41, 1323-1333. pdf

22a.* "Supported Constrained-Geometry Catalysts on Cross-Linked (Aminomethyl)polystyrene: Studies of Ethylene and 1-Octene Polymerizations" Correction, Rajeswari M. Kasi and E. Bryan Coughlin, Organometallics 2003, 22, 3792-3792. pdf

22.* "Supported Constrained-Geometry Catalysts on Cross-Linked (Aminomethyl)polystyrene: Studies of Ethylene and 1-Octene Polymerizations" Rajeswari M. Kasi and E. Bryan Coughlin, Organometallics 2003, 22, 1534-1539. pdf

21.* "Linear or Branched Polyethylenes from Supported Aryloxytitanium(IV)-Cyclopentadienyl Complexes" Rajeswari M. Kasi and E. Bryan Coughlin, Macromolecules 2003, 36, 6300-6304. pdf

20. "Chemically Cross-Linked Polycyclooctene: Synthesis, Characterization and Shape Memory Behavior" C. Liu, S. B. Chun, P. T. Mather, L. Zheng, E. B. Haley and E. Bryan Coughlin, Macromolecules 2002, 35, 9868-9874. pdf

19.* "Gas Manifold for Olefin Polymerization and a Convenient Reactor Design for the Parallel Screening of Catalyst" G. S. Constable, R. A. Gonzalez-Ruiz, R. M. Kasi and E. Bryan Coughlin, Macromolecules 2002, 35, 9613-9616. pdf

18.* "Nanostructured Polyethylene-POSS Copolymers: Control of Crystallization and Aggregation" A. J. Waddon, L. Zeng, R. J. Farris and E. Bryan Coughlin, Nano Letters 2002, 2, 1149-1155. pdf

17. "Thermal Decomposition and Flammability of Fire-Resistant, UV/Visible-Sensitive Polyarylates, Copolymers and Blends" H. Zhang, P. R. Westmoreland, R. J. Farris, E. Bryan Coughlin, A Plichta and Z. K. Brzozowski, Polymer 2002, 43, 5463-5472. pdf

16. "The Preparation of Cadmium Selenide-Polyolefin Composites from Functional Phosphine Oxides and Ruthenium-based Metathesis" H. Skaff, M. F. Ilker, E. Bryan Coughlin and T. Emrick, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2002, 124, 5729-5733. pdf

15.* "Synthesis and Thermal Properties of Hybrid Copolymers of Syndiotactic Polystyrene and Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxane" Lei Zheng, Rajeswari M. Kasi, Richard J. Farris and E. Bryan Coughlin, J. of Poly. Sci., Part A: Polymer Chemistry 2002, 40, 885-891. pdf

14.* "X-Ray Characterizations of Polyethylene Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxane Copolymers" Lei Zheng, Alan J. Waddon, Richard J. Farris and E. Bryan Coughlin Macromolecules 2002, 35, 2375-2379. pdf

13.* "Alternating Copolymerizations of Polar and Non-Polar Cyclic Olefins by Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization" M. Firat Ilker and E. Bryan Coughlin, Macromolecules 2002, 35, 54-58. pdf

12.* "Novel Polyolefin Nanocomposites: Synthesis and Characterization of Metallocene Catalyzed Polyolefin Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxanes (POSS) Copolymers" L. Zheng, R. J. Farris and E. Bryan Coughlin, Macromolecules 2001, 34, 8034-8039. pdf

11.* "Highly Efficient Acyclic Diene Metathesis (ADMET) Depolymerization Using a Ruthenium Catalyst Containing a N-Heterocyclic Carbene Ligand" S. W. Craig, J. A. Manzer and E. Bryan Coughlin Macromolecules 2001, 34, 7929-7931. pdf

10.* "Synthesis of Polyethylene Copolymers Containing Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxanes (POSS) Prepared Using Ring-Opening Methathesis Copolymerization" L. Zheng, R. J. Farris and E. Bryan Coughlin, J. Polym. Sci, Part A: Polymer Chemistry 2001, 39, 2920-2928. pdf

Publications from DuPont Central Research and Development Department

9.  "13C and 2D NMR Analysis of Propylene Polymers Made with a-Diimine Late Metal Catalysts" E. F. McCord, S. J. McLain, L. T. J. Nelson, S. D. Arthur, E. Bryan Coughlin, S. D. Ittel, L. K. Johnson, D. Tempel, C. M. Killian and M. Brookhart, Macromolecules 2001, 34, 362-371.

8.  "Addition Polymerization of Cyclopentene with Nickel and Palladium Catalysts" Stephan J. McLain, Jerald Feldman, Elizabeth F. McCord, Kenncorwin H. Gardner, Mark F. Teasley, E. Bryan Coughlin, K. Jeff Sweetman, Lynda K. Johnson and Maurice Brookhart, Macromolecules 1998, 31, 6705-6707.

Publications from Graduate and Undergraduate Studies

7. "Synthesis and Structural Characterization of {(h5-C5Me4)2SiMe2}YCH(SiMe3)2.  Hydrogenation to [{(h 5-C5Me4)2SiMe2}Y]2(m-H)2 and its Facile Ligand Redistribution to Y2[m 2-{( h 5-C5Me4)2SiMe2(h 5-C5Me4)}]2(m -H)2" E. Bryan Coughlin, Lawrence M. Henling and John E. Bercaw, Inorg. Chim. Acta 1996, 242, 205-210.

6.   "C2-Symmetric Ansa Metallocenes of Titanium and Zirconium with a Ligand System that Yields Pure Rac Isomer: Preparation and Crystal Structures of rac-{(h5-C5H2-2-SiMe3-4 CMe3)2SiMe2}MCl2 (M = Ti or Zr)” Stephanie T. Chacon, E. Bryan Coughlin, Lawrence M. Henling and John E. Bercaw, J. Organomet. Chem. 1995, 497, 171-180.

5.  "Iso Specific Ziegler Natta Polymerization of a Olefins with a Single Component Organoyttrium Compound" E. Bryan Coughlin and John E. Bercaw, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 7606-7607.

4.  "A Silicon Bridged Bis(substituted Cp) Yttrium Complex" Richard E. Marsh, William P. Schaefer, E. Bryan Coughlin and John E. Bercaw, Acta Cryst. 1992, C48, 1773-1776.

3.  "Stereochemistry at Carbon for Alkyl Migration to Oxygen in the Rearrangement of a Tert butylperoxy-Alkyl Derivative of Permethylhafnocene" E. Bryan Coughlin and John E. Bercaw, Organometallics 1992, 11, 465-467.

2.  "HCl-Catalyzed Photoreduction of 4-Bromonitrobenzene as a Concomitant of Nucleophilic Aromatic Photosubstitutions Involving Radical Intermediates" Gene G. Wubbels, Eric J. Snyder and E. Bryan Coughlin, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1988, 110, 2543-2548.

1.  "Acid-Catalyzed Nucleophilic Aromatic Photosubstitution. A Reconsideration of Protonation in Excited States of Nitrobenzenes" Gene G. Wubbels,Douglas P. Susens and E. Bryan Coughlin, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1988, 110, 2538-2542.